1. Abrasive Selection
(1)Material matching principle
When processing high-hardness materials such as cemented carbide and ceramics, diamond abrasives are preferred, as their hardness and wear resistance can meet the needs of efficient cutting;
When processing high-temperature alloys (such as titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys) or easily oxidized materials, CBN (cubic boron nitride) abrasives are recommended, as their heat resistance can reduce thermal damage during processing.
For ordinary steel, cast iron and other materials, ordinary abrasives such as brown corundum or white corundum are more economical and practical.
(2)Special scene adaptation
When processing tough materials (such as stainless steel), single crystal corundum or microcrystalline corundum abrasives should be selected to reduce adhesive wear;
For precision processing that requires high surface finish (such as tools and measuring tools), green silicon carbide or chrome corundum abrasives are recommended.
2. Particle Size And Concentration Selection
(1)The impact of particle size on the effect
Coarse particle size (#24~#60): suitable for rough grinding and large excess cutting, high efficiency but poor surface roughness;
Fine particle size (#100~#800): used for fine grinding and polishing, which can improve the surface finish, but the feed rate needs to be controlled to prevent clogging.
The recommended particle size range of diamond grinding wheel is #50~#60, which takes into account both efficiency and bending strength.
(2)Concentration adjustment strategy
High-concentration (such as 100%) grinding wheels are suitable for hard materials, with high abrasive density, long life but low sharpness;
Low-concentration grinding wheels (such as 25%~50%) are suitable for fine processing, which can reduce heat accumulation and improve surface quality.
3. Binder And Tissue Optimization
(1)Binder type comparison
Resin binder: Good self-sharpening, sharp grinding, suitable for fine grinding of cemented carbide and non-metallic materials, but weak high temperature resistance;
Ceramic binder: High chemical stability, suitable for high-speed, heavy-load grinding and complex surface processing;
Metal binder: High bonding strength, often used for efficient cutting of superhard materials.
(2)Organization structure matching
Loose tissue: Large chip space, suitable for rough grinding or wet grinding, reducing the risk of clogging;
Dense tissue: Used for fine grinding, it can improve dimensional accuracy and surface consistency.
4. Shape And Size Adaptation
(1)Common grinding wheel shapes
Cup/bowl grinding wheels: suitable for surface grinding and complex contour processing; Flat grinding wheels: highly versatile, used for external cylindrical, flat and centerless grinding; Disc grinding wheels: suitable for fine structure processing such as narrow grooves and threads.
(2)Key points of size parameters
Outer diameter range needs to be adapted to equipment specifications. Common sizes are 10mm~750mm. Too large will cause vibration, and too small will reduce efficiency; The aperture needs to match the machine tool spindle, and the concentricity needs to be checked during installation (external cylindrical runout ≤0.03mm).
5.Economic And Scenario Balance
Diamond/CBN grinding wheels are relatively expensive and are recommended for processing superhard materials or high-precision requirements; Ordinary abrasive grinding wheels (such as brown corundum) are cost-effective and suitable for large-scale rough processing of conventional steel; When customizing grinding wheels, it is necessary to comprehensively consider processing efficiency, life and cost to avoid excessive pursuit of a single indicator.
